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BÀI SOẠN SIÊU ÂM GIẢI PHẪU HỌC DÀNH CHO SINH VIÊN ĐẠI HỌC Y KHOA TÂN TẠO

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hay theo link MEDIC VIETNAMESE ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS

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- TRIỆU CHỨNG HỌC SIÊU ÂM.
- CÁC MẶT CẮT SIÊU ÂM BỤNG CHẬU CƠ BẢN.
- CHI TRÊN.
- CHI DƯỚI.
- SIÊU ÂM ỐNG TIÊU HÓA.
- ĐỊNH HƯỚNG MẶT CẮT [ULTRASOUND SECTIONAL VIEWS] VÀ ĐỊNH HƯỚNG HÌNH SIÊU ÂM (IMAGE ORIENTATION].

- SIÊU ÂM TRẬT KHỚP HÔNG BẨM SINH [LOẠN SẢN KHỚP HÔNG DDH], LƯỢC SỬ SIÊU ÂM và các bài khác xin xem trong mục lục của trang bài soạn về siêu âm chẩn doán (http://nguyenthienhung.com).

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Orienting in Transabdominal Studies 

There are two primary orientations of the transducer in relation to the patient when performing ultrasound studies. 

 @ Transverse - perpendicular to the long axis of the patient, 

 @ and longitudinal - parallel to the long axis of the patient. 

The top of the monitor always corresponds to what is closest to the transducer, while the bottom of the monitor corresponds to tissues that are farther away.

It is important to determine which side of the transducer corresponds to the left side of the monitor, and which side corresponds to the right side of the monitor.

When the transducer is held in a transverse orientation, images of the patient's anatomy are taken in the axial plane. The left side of the monitor should display structures on the patient's right side, and the right side of the monitor should display the patient left. This is the same as a properly oriented radiograph.

When the transducer is held in a longitudinal orientation, images of the patient's anatomy appear in the sagittal plane. The left side of the monitor should display more cranial tissues, and the right side of the monitor displays more caudal structures.

BILIARY ATRESIA TYPE IIIa

LEYDIG CELL TUMOR: ULTRASOUND FINDINGS

SUPERIOR THYROIDAL ARTERY and CAROTID STENTING

SONOGRAPHY of the ACCESSORY HEAD of the BICEPS BRACHII

ABSTRACT

Anatomic variations in the anterior aspect of the shoulder, such as an accessory head of the biceps brachii muscle, are not uncommon. The magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopic appearance of the accessory head of the biceps brachii has been recently described. This series demonstrates the sonographic appearance of the accessory head of the biceps brachii in the bicipital groove. It is an asymptomatic, flat, echogenic structure with average measurements of 7.7 × 1.2 mm in cross section. Knowledge of this anatomic variant can avoid the misdiagnosis of a longitudinal split tear and improve the accuracy of sonography.

Anatomic variations in the anterior aspect of the shoulder are not uncommon, with a frequency ranging from 2% to 18% depending on the ethnic group.1–7Examples include an accessory head of the biceps brachii muscle, coracobrachialis brevis muscle, accessory subscapularis muscle, and variants of the pectoralis muscles.1 Correct identification of normal variants is important to avoid misdiagnosis of disorders and for accurate diagnosis.1,4,8,9

Sonography has been shown to be an excellent imaging modality to evaluate muscles and tendons, with advantages and disadvantages compared to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).10,11 Recently the MRI and arthroscopic appearance of the accessory head of the biceps brachii has been described.1,9,12–14 The purpose of this series is to demonstrate the sonographic appearance of the accessory head of the biceps brachii in the bicipital groove. To our knowledge, no prior ultrasound articles describing this anatomic variant have been published. Knowledge of this anatomic variation and its normal appearance on sonography can help prevent false-positive diagnoses of proximal biceps disorders.8,9,15

GRAVE DISEASE and PAINLESS THYROIDITIS